Analisis Sistem Logistik Rantai Pasok Substitusi Bahan Baku PLTU Batu Bara Menggunakan Soft System Methodology (SSM)

Wan Habibi Rahman Barus(1), Iphov Kumala Sriwana(2), Nadiya Maharani(3), Muhammad Alif Ihsan(4),


(1) Politeknik META Industri Cikarang
(2) Telkom University
(3) Politeknik META Industri Cikarang
(4) Politeknik META Industri Cikarang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The use of coal as the primary raw material for Steam Power Plants (PLTU) poses serious challenges related to sustainability, particularly due to high emissions, pollution risks, and supply chain dependence on non-renewable energy sources. Partial coal substitution with biomass is considered an effective strategy to reduce environmental impacts while supporting new and renewable energy targets. This study aims to analyze the potential of palm oil solid waste, wood pellets, and charcoal briquettes as coal substitutes using the Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach. The study follows seven SSM stages, starting from problem identification, compiling a problem description, formulating a root definition, CATWOE analysis, building a conceptual model, a debating process, and recommending corrective actions. The analysis results indicate that biomass substitution is feasible if supported by an integrated logistics system, the availability of biomass supplies, and compliance with the technical specifications for PLTU combustion. Biomass from palm oil waste, wood waste, and agricultural residues has a fairly stable energy value and can be obtained through a more environmentally friendly supply chain. Overall, this study confirms that the SSM approach is effective in understanding the complexity of coal-fired power plant problems and formulating renewable energy-based solutions through strengthening the biomass logistics system.

Keywords - Biomass, PLTU, Renewable Energy, Soft Systems Methodology, Supply Chain Logistics.


Full Text:

PDF

References


T. A. W. Sabubu, “Pengaturan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Batu bara Di Indonesia Prespektif Hak Atas Lingkungan Yang Baik Dan Sehat,” vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 72–90, 2020. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol5.iss1.art5.

W. H. R. Barus and I. K. Sriwana, “Pemilihan Energi Baru Terbarukan Sebagai Substitusi Bahan Baku Pltu Batu bara Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Analitycal Hierarchy Process (F-AHP),” J. Ilm. Tek. Ind., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 118–129, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24912/jitiuntar.v10i2.16184.

M. Triani, F. Tanbar, N. Cahyo, R. Sitanggang, and D. Sumiarsa, “The Potential Implementation of Biomass Co-firing with Coal in Power Plant on Emission and Economic Aspects : A Review,” vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 83–94, doi: 10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol3.iss. https://journal.uii.ac.id/Eksakta/article/view/25105.

C. Yosiana, Legal Aspects in the Regulation of Environmental Approval for Co-Firing Biomass Energy Projects in Indonesia. Atlantis Press SARL, 2024. doi: 10.2991/978-2-38476-218-7.

M. F. Praevia, “Analisis Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Cofiring pada PLTU Batu bara,” vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28–37, 2025, doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367.

Y. N. Irbah, T. H. Nufus, and N. Hidayati, “Analisis Nilai Kalori dan Laju Pembakaran Briket Campuran Cangkang Nyamplung dan Tempurung Kelapa,” pp. 689–694, 2022. https://prosiding.pnj.ac.id/index.php/sntm/article/view/96.

P. Ambrosius and R. A. Wicaksono, “Briket Janjang Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Energi Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap,” vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 15–20, 2022. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jtm/article/view/55713.

M. Yanti and N. Razan, “Analisis Pustaka: Hubungan Logistik, Energi, dan Kebijakan Maritim,” J. Cakrawala Bahari, vol. x, no. x, pp. 1–12, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.70031/jkb.v8i2.170.

Y. C. Dwiaji, “Analisis Pengaruh Co-Firing Biomassa Terhadap Kinerja Peralatan Boiler PLTU Batu bara Unit 1 PT . XYZ,” J. Appl. Mech., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7–15, 2023. https://doi.org/10.52158/jamere.v3i1.445.

J. Kuncara, S. Jamilatun, A. V. Febriani, M. Idris, and M. Setyawan, “Potensi dan Tantangan Pemanfaatan Refuse Derived Fuel dalam Co-Firing PLTU di Indonesia : A Review,” no. November, pp. 208–220, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389289158_Potensi_dan_Tantangan_Pemanfaatan_Refuse_Derived_Fuel_dalam_Co-Firing_PLTU_di_Indonesia_A_Review.

D. G. Saputri and I. K. Sriwana, “Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem Monitoring untuk Perbaikan Proses Bisnis dengan Soft System Methodology ( SSM ) pada UMKM Ibunmanis Coklat,” no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47134/jtsi.v1i3.2578.

A. Zuniawan and I. K. Sriwana, “Handling Of Coal Dust At Coal Handling Facility In Coal Power Plant Using Soft System Methodology ( SSM ) Approach,” vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 223–232, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2019.3.006.

D. Rimantho, “Soft System Methodology Approach : Case Study of Renewable Energy Development of Wood Pellets as an Implementation of a Circular Economy,” J. Asiimetrik J. Ilm. Rekayasa Dan Inov., vol. 6, pp. 165–174, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35814/asiimetrik.v6i1.5958.

T. T. D. Susanto, L. Lusiana, R. Trimiltin, and M. Runiasih, “Penerapan Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Kompleks Di Lembaga,” vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 462–475, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34125/jmp.v10i2.475.

M. Zarezadeh, “Applying Soft Systems Methodology to Implement Strategy in the Organization : A Case Study of Improving the Motivation System of Statistic Center,” pp. 85–105, 2024, doi: 10.22067/JSTINP.2024.86313.1087.

R. E. Mauboy et al., “Information Systems Using Soft System Methodology At Bpd East Nusa Tenggara,” vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1783–1790, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jutif.2022.3.6.634.

J. Firmansyah, H. Saputra, and Ibrahim, “Analyzing the Perceptions and Expectations of Students Towards Science Using Soft System Methodology Juli,” J. Pendidik. Progresif, vol. 14, no. 01, pp. 451–467, 2024, doi: 10.23960/jpp.v14.i1.202433.

A. Nuryanto, “Aplikasi Soft System Methodology (SSM) Untuk Pengembangan Strategi Pemberantasan Dalam Pandemi Covid-19 di Selandia Baru,” vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 59–70, 2021. https://doi.org/10.20473/jap.v13i1.29356

Sansuadi, N. Mazidah, and E. Nurcahyanto, “Statistik Ketenagalistrikan 2024,” no. 38, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/91fa8-buku-statistik-ketenagalistrikan-2024.pdf

M. Veranita and H. Hatimatunnisani, “Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Bandung Selatan Mira,” J. E-Bis, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 249–259, 2021. https://doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v5i1.580.

I. R. I. for Decarbonization, “Mengenal Net-Zero Emission,” 2021, [Online]. Available: https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads/download_index/files/91fa8-buku-statistik-ketenagalistrikan-2024.pdf

M. H. Azis and A. Nurwaskito, “Identifikasi Bahaya Dan Pengendalian Risiko Sebagai Upaya Mencegah Dan Mengurangi Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Tambang Batu bara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur,” vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–12, 2023, doi: 10.58227/jmi.v1i1.33.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v11i1.5117

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


LP2M (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Masyarakat)

Universitas AL-AZHAR INDONESIA, Lt.2 Ruang 207

Kompleks Masjid Agung Al Azhar

Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Kebayoran Baru

Jakarta Selatan 12110

Visitor

 This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0