Kajian Morfologi Ikan Timpakul (Famili Gobiidae) dari Dua Tipe Ekosistem Mangrove yang Berbeda

Anang Kadarsah, Krisdianto Krisdianto, Ika Oksi Susilawati

Abstract


Abstrak  - Kajian ekologi hewan eksotik seperti ikan Timpakul pada ekosistem mangrove penting digali selain memperkaya pengetahuan juga menjadi landasan pengelolaan biodiversitas secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan kelimpahan dan morfologi ikan Timpakul (Famili: Gobiidae) pada dua tipe ekosistem mangrove di Muara Kuala Tambangan dan Pantai Pagatan Besar, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan. Survei data dan penangkapan ikan menggunakan jaring 1 meter x 10 meter dengan 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tiga jenis ikan Timpakul yakni: Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, dan Boleophthalmus boddarti. Vegetasi Rhizophora sp.  dan Bruguierasp. dominan pada Muara Kuala Tambangan (65,8% dan 34,2%), sedangkan di Pantai Pagatan Besar didominasi Bruguiera Sp. (50,8%)dan Avicennia sp. (49,2%). Persentase kehadiran Boleopthalmus pectinirostris tertinggi di Pantai Pagatan Besar (64%), sedangkan di Muara Kuala Tambangan lebih dominan Boleophthalmus boddarti (71,11%). Berdasarkan lima karakter utama morfologi terpilih (SL=panjang standar, HL=panjang kepala, FDFB=Panjang dasar sirip dorsal pertama, SDFB=Panjang dasar sirip dorsal kedua, dan VFL=Panjang Sirip Ventral : satuan mm), rerata tertinggi dijumpai pada Periophthalmodon schlosseri (SL=167,50:HL=46,67:FDFB=22,17: SDFB=35,33 dan VFL=24,17), disusul Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (SL=131,89:HL=31,22: FDFB=21,67:SDFB=49,67 dan VFL=17,11) kemudian yang terakhir Boleophthalmus boddarti (SL=130,55:HL=30,64:FDFB=18,27:SDFB=52,73 dan VFL=16,73). Persentase rerata kandungan substrat (pasir:debu:liat) di Muara Kuala Tambangan 17,26%:77,52%:5,21% sedangkan di Pantai Pagatan Besar perbandingannya adalah 3,52%: 85,46%:11,03%.

Abstract - Ecological studies of exotic animals such as Timpakul fish (Family of Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystems is important to enriching the knowledge and for the overall of biodiversity management. The purpose of this study was to compare the abundance and morphology of Timpakul fish in two types of mangrove ecosystems. especially in the Village of Kuala Tambangan and Pagatan Besar, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. Survey data and fishing was used by 1 meter x 10 meters of nets with 10 replications. Its found about three types of Timpakul fish, ie: Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, and Boleophthalmus boddarti. Rhizophora sp. and Bruguiera Sp. types vegetation were dominantly in Kuala Tambangan estuary (65.8% and 34.2%), while in Pagatan Besar beach it is dominated by Bruguiera Sp. (50.8%) and Avicennia sp. (49.2%). The highest percentage attendance in Pagatan Besar Beach is found for Boleopthalmus pectinirostris (64%), while in Kuala Tambangan Estuary was dominantly by Boleophthalmus boddarti (71.11%). Based on the five main morphological characters (SL=standard length, HL=head length, FDFB=first dorsal fin base, SDFB=second dorsal fin base length, and VFL=Ventral fin length: in mm of unit), so the highest average was found in Periophthalmodon schlosseri (SL=167.50:HL=46.67:FDFB=22.17:SDFB=35.33 and VFL = 24.17). It is followed by Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (SL = 131.89: HL = 31.22: FDFB = 21.67: SDFB = 49.67 and VFL = 17.11). Then the lowest is Boleophthalmus boddarti (SL = 130.55: HL = 30.64: FDFB = 18.27: SDFB = 52.73 and VFL = 16, 73). Substrate content (sand: dust: clay) percentage average in Kuala Tambangan estuary is 17.26%:77.52%:5.21% while in Pagatan Beach the ratio is 3.52%: 85.46%: 11.03%.

Keywords - Abundance, Mangrove, Morphology, Mudskipper

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


E. C. Ashton, D. J. Macintosh, and P. J. Hogarth, A baseline study of the diversity and community ecology of crab and molluscan macrofauna in the Sematan mangrove forest, Sarawak, Malaysia,” J. Trop. Ecol., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 127–142, 2003.

M. S. N. Islam, Cultural Landscape Changing due to Anthropogenic Influences on Surface Water and Threats to Mangrove Wetland Ecosystems: A Case Study on the Sundarbans, Bangladesh., 2008.

P. Hogart, The Biology of Mangroves and Seagrasses. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

N. C. Duke, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, R. × annamalai, R. × lamarckii (Indo–West Pacific stilt mangroves), ver. 2.1. In: Elevitch, C.R. (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, Hawai‘i., 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.traditionaltree.org. [Diaskes pada 02 September 2018].

Arianto, “Tanah Laut Miliki 3.000 Hektare Hutan Mangrove,” 2016. .

M. A. Soendjoto and P. Arifin, “Hutan Mangrove Pegatan Besar Kalimantan Selatan : Vegetasi dan Manfaatnya bagi Masyarakat,” Mns. dan Lingkung., vol. 17, no. PPLH UGM, Yogyakarta, pp. 42–51, 1999.

BPS, Tanah Laut Dalam Angka. Pelaihari: Badan Pusat Statistik Tanah Laut, 2013.

E. O. Murdy, A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae), Rec. Aust. Museum, Suppl., vol. 11, pp. 1–93, 1989.

J. B. Graham, Air-breathing Fishes : Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997.

Hidayaturrahmah and Muhamat, Habitat Ikan Timpakul (Periophthalmodon Schlosseri) di Muara Sungai Barito, Enviro Sci., vol. 9, no. ISSN 1978-8096, pp. 134–139, 2013.

M. Sinaei and A. Mashinchian, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In The Coastal Sea Water, The Surface Sediment And Mudskipper Boleophthalmus dussumieri From Coastal Areas Of The Persian Gulf : Source Investigation, Composition Pattern And Spatial Distribution, J. Environ. Heal. Sci. Eng., vol. 12 (1), no. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-59, pp. 1 – 11, 2014.

S. N. K. & S. W. Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, Ikan Air Tawar Indonesia Bagian Barat dan Sulawesi. Jakarta: Periplus Edition (HK) Ltd. Bekerjasama dengan Proyek EMDI, Kantor Menteri Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 1993.

R. Affandi, S. S. Djadja, M. F. Rahardjo, and Sulistiono, Iktiologi, Suatu Pedoman Kerja Laboratorium. Bogor: IPB Press, 1992.

E. D. Nugroho, Ibrahim, D. A. Rahayu, and D. Rupa, “Studi Morfologi Ikan Timpakul (Gobiidae - Oxudercinae) Sebagai Upaya Karakterisasi Biodiversitas Lokal Pulau Tarakan,” J. Harpodon Borneo, vol. Vol.9. No., no. ISSN : 2087-121X, pp. 46–57, 2016.

A. Kadarsah and D. Choesin, “Pengaruh Umur Tanam Terhadap Struktur Vegetasi dan Produksi Jatuhan Serasah Mangrove Rhizophora sp.,” Bioscientiae, vol. 10 No.1, no. Januari 2013 ISSN 1693-4792, pp. 56–69, 2013.

A. Kadarsah, “Identifikasi Karakter Lansekap Dan Aktivitas Antropogenik Dalam Upaya Konservasi Kerang Kapah (Polymesoda Erosa ) Di Pesisir Pantai Desa Tabanio,” Semin. Nas. Lingkung. Lahan Basah, 2017.

N. Baker, “Great Blue-spotted Mudskipper,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecologyasia.com/verts/fishes/great-blue-spotted-mudskipper.htm. [Diaskes pada 09 Agustus 2018].

M. Burton and R. Burton, International Wildlife Encyclopedia. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002.

S. H. Nasution, S. D. S. Sulistiono, and G. S. Haryani, “Variasi Morfologi Ikan Endemik Rainbow Selebensis (Telmatherina celebensis Boulenger) Di Danau Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan,” J. Akuakultur Indones., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 5–11, 2004.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v5i1.322

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


LP2M (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Masyarakat)

Universitas AL-AZHAR INDONESIA, Lt.2 Ruang 207

Kompleks Masjid Agung Al Azhar

Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Kebayoran Baru

Jakarta Selatan 12110

Visitor

 This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0