Optimasi Penempatan Distributed generation dan Kapasitor Bank Berbasis Particle Swarm Optimization untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Sistem Distribusi Kota Sabang

Muhajir Muhajir(1), Suriadi Suriadi(2), Melinda Melinda(3),


(1) Universitas Multi Data Palembang
(2) Universitas Syiah Kuala
(3) Universitas Syiah Kuala
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The Sabang electricity system is an isolated grid system that relies on diesel power plants with long distribution lines, which can cause high losses and voltage drops. This study aims to find the optimal placement of Distributed Generation (DG) and capacitors using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method to reduce losses and voltage deviation, with a voltage limit of 5% on a 20 kV system. Simulation results show that without DG and capacitors, losses reach 26 kW at peak load and 24.4 kW at normal load, with low voltages at some buses. After optimization, the combined use of DG and capacitors reduces losses by 50.82% at normal load and 51.15% at peak load. The voltage profile also improves by about 200 - 350 V at each bus, bringing it closer to the nominal value of 20 kV. Compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA), PSO provides better results, with 0.45 - 3.79% lower active power losses and 0 - 7.40% lower reactive power losses. This proves that PSO is effective in improving the efficiency, voltage quality, and reliability of isolated distribution systems.

Keywords – Distributed generation (DG), Losses, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Renewable Energy


Full Text:

PDF

References


D. F. Niste, R. Tîrnovan, S. Pavel, H. Beleiu, C. Andrei and Marius Misaros, "Electricity Losses in Focus: Detection and Reduction Strategies—State of the Art," Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1-43, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073517

P. Parvizi, M. Jalilian, A. M. Amidi, M. R. Zangeneh and J.-R. Riba, "Technical Losses in Power Networks: Mechanisms, Mitigation Strategies, and Future Directions," Electronics, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 1-67, 2025

https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14173442

M. L. Woldesemayat, D. B. Biramo and A. T. Tantu, "Assessment of power distribution system losses and mitigation through optimally placed D-STATCOM. A case study: Gesuba town 15 kV distribution system," Cogent Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2024

https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2024.2330824

“Power transmission losses plugged, but distribution leaks remain concern,” The Times of India, Bhopal, India, May 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/power-transmission-losses-plugged-but-distribution-leaks-remain-concern/articleshow/121324005.cms.

I. Blinov, V. Radziukynas, P. Shmaniuk, A. Dyczko, K. Stecuła, V. Sychova, V. Miroshnyk, and R. Dychkovskyi, “Smart Management of Energy Losses in Distribution Networks Using Deep Neural Networks,” Energies, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1-17, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123156

S. A. Adegoke, Y. Sun, A. S. Adegoke and D. Ojeniyi, "Optimal placement of distributed generation to minimize power loss and improve voltage stability," Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 21, pp. 1-28, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39298

T. Wanjekeche, A. A. Ndapuka and L. N. Mukena, "Strategic Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generation inRadial Distributed Networks Using Multiobjective PSO," Hindawi Journal of Energy, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6678491

A. Owosuhi, Y. Hamam and J. Munda, "A New Framework for Active Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Enhancement in a Distributed Generation-Dominated Radial Distribution Network," Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1-22, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031077

H. M. H. Farh, A. A. Al-Shamma’a, A. Qamar, F. Saeed and A. M. Al-Shaalan, "Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generation under N-1 Contingency Using Hybrid Crow Search–Particle Swarm Algorithm," Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1-21, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062380

M. Bilal, M. S. M. Arif, B. Ullah, S. B. Hisham and S. S. A. Ali, "Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 1-18, 2021.

https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411840

K. Fettah, T. Guia, A. Salhi, S. Mouassa, A. Bosisio and R. Shirvani, "Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Banks and Distributed Generation: A Comparison of Recently Developed Metaheuristic Optimization Techniques on the Real Distribution Networks of ALG-AB-Hassi Sida, Algeria," Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1-23, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114419

P. Asabere, F. Sekyere, P. Ayambire and W. K. Ofosu, "Optimal capacitor bank placement and sizing using particle swarm optimization for power loss minimization in distribution network," Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1307-1315, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.007

D. S. Wahyuni, R. Rahmat, M. Ayu, M. D. Faraby and A. R. Sultan, "Analisa Penempatan Distributed Generation (DG) dan Kapasitor Bank pada IEEE 118-Bus Sistem Distribusi Radial," Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Informatika (SNTEI), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 13-18, 2023

https://jurnal.poliupg.ac.id/index.php/sntei/article/view/4315

N. Srilatha, "Distributed Generation Placement Using Voltage Stability Index and Optimal Sizing Using Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization," E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 399, pp. 1-9, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339901007

M. A. Kamarposhti, R. Ghandour, M. Abdel-Aty, M. Hafez, M. Alfiras, S. Alkhazaleh, I. Colak and A. Solyman, "Optimizing capacitor bank placement in distribution networks using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization approach for energy efficiency and cost reduction," Scientific Reports, vol. 15, pp. 1-18, 1015

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96341-8

M. B. Tuka and S. E. Ali, "Optimal allocation and sizing of distributed generation for improvement of distribution feeder loss and voltage profile in the distribution network using genetic algorithm," Sage Journal, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 217-231, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940251323760

A. B. Alyu, A. O. Salau, B. Khan and J. N. Eneh, "Hybrid GWO-PSO based optimal placement and sizing of multiple PV-DG units for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement," Scientific Reports, vol. 13, pp. 1-17, 2023.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34057-3

PT PLN (Persero), Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) 2025 - 2034, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/frontend/download_index/?kode_category=ruptl_pln

PT PLN (Persero), Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) 2021 - 2030. Jakarta, Indonesia: PT PLN (Persero), 2021. [Online]. Available: https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/frontend/download_index/?kode_category=ruptl_pln

SPLN No. 72, Batas Penurunan Tegangan Sistem Distribusi Tenaga Listrik, Jakarta: Perusahaan Listrik Negara, 1987. [Online]. Available: https://www.scribd.com/document/346784959/108921502-SPLN-72-1987-pdf.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v11i1.5343

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


LP2M (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Masyarakat)

Universitas AL-AZHAR INDONESIA, Lt.2 Ruang 207

Kompleks Masjid Agung Al Azhar

Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Kebayoran Baru

Jakarta Selatan 12110

Visitor

 This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0