Imunisasi AGE-BSA Mempengaruhi Kadar Glukosa Darah, AGE dan Antibodi Anti AGE Serum pada Mencit Diabetik Nefropati

Abstract

Abstrak - Diabetik nefropati adalah salah satu komplikasi serius dari diabetes melitus dan menjadi penyebab penting dari gagal ginjal stadium akhir. Salah satu kondisi hiperglikemia menyebabkan nefropati adalah melalui jalur pembentukan Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE). Saat ini, terapi hanya berkisar obat-obatan anti-AGE yang harus dikonsumsi terus-menerus sehingga kurang efisien. Untuk itu, imunisasi dapat menjadi kandidat terapi yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini mengamati efek imunisasi antigen AGE-BSA dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah, serum AGE, dan serum antibodi anti AGE. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true experimental laboratory dan metode Randomized Posttest Only Control Group Design. Mencit dibagi menjadi empat kelompok; Grup I mendapatkan PBS, Grup II diinjeksi STZ, Grup III diberikan imunisasi AGE-BSA, dan Grup IV diimunisasi AGE-BSA kemudian diinjeksi STZ. Penegakan diabetik nefropati apabila glukosa darah pada Grup II ≥ 280 mg/dL. Dua belas minggu post injeksi STZ terakhir, kadar AGE dan antibodi anti AGE serum diukur menggunakan kit ELISA. Hasil menunjukkan jika imunisasi AGE-BSA secara signifikan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan AGE serum (p = 0.000; p < 0.05), namun meningkatkan secara signifikan kadar antibodi anti AGE serum (p < 0.05). Sebagai tambahan, imunisasi AGE-BSA pada Grup III tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan mencit normal (Grup I), mengindikasikan imunisasi ini tergolong aman bagi variabel yang diukur. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah imunisasi AGE-BSA mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan menghambat pembentukan AGE.

Kata Kunci - AGE-BSA, glukosa darah, diabetik nefropati

Abstract - Diabetic nephropathy is one of serious complication from diabetes mellitus and become vital cause of end-stage renal disease. One path how hyperglycemic condition causes nephropathy is through the formation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE). Recently, therapies related AGE still use medicine only which need to be consumed routinely thus less effective. Thus, immunization may be a better candidate therapy. We observed the immunization effect using AGE-BSA antigen in decreasing blood glucose, serum AGE, and anti-AGE antibody levels. This study used true experimental laboratory with randomized post-test only control group design. Mice were randomly divided into four groups; Group l received PBS, Group II was given STZ, Group III was immunized AGE-BSA, Group IV was immunized AGE-BSA followed with STZ injection. Diabetic nephropathy confirmed when blood glucose reached ≥ 280 mg/dL. Twelve weeks post last STZ injection, the level of AGE and anti-AGE antibody from serum were measured using ELISA Kit. Result showed that immunization of AGE-BSA significantly decreased blood glucose and AGE level (p = 0.000; p < 0.05) whereas, the level of anti-AGE antibody was significantly increased in Group IV (p < 0.05). Additionally, immunization in Group III showed no any difference with Group I, indicating this immunization might be safe therapy for the variables measured.  The conclusion of this research that AGE-BSA immunization is able to decrease the level of blood glucose in diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of AGE formation.  

Keywords - AGE-BSA, blood glucose, diabetic nephropathy