Introspeksi Masa Lalu Terfragmentasi dan Narasi Bermoda Percakapan dalam Yang Sudah Hilang oleh Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Abstract
Abstrak - Meskipun Pramoedya Ananta Toer telah dianggap penulis fiksi prominen di lingkup kesusastraan, ternyata salah satu karyanya yang berprestasi (Cerita dari Blora) belum mendapat sorotan telaah sastra. Makalah ini mengambil satu judul cerpen dari antologi itu secara spesifik yaitu Yang sudah Hilang. Pertanyaaan yang dilontarkan di sini adalah bagaimana pembahasaan teks cerpen tersebut membangun representasi adegan referen atau model situasi. Prosesi teks semiotika kognitif digunakan di sini, khususnya prinsip moda kesadaran Chafe, untuk menghasilkan interpretasi yang memperhitungkan objektivitas dalam proses inferensial berbasis pengalaman pemaknaan. Sehubungan dengan hal itu saya berargumen pembahasaan dalam teks menghasilkan model situasi simulasi pengenangan masa lalu terfragmentasi secara introspektif dalam moda percakapan. Masa lalu yang dikenang terfragmentasi dan menghasilkan ironi dramatik. Model situasi tersebut kelihatannya lebih menampilkan elegansi Pram sebagai penulis yang bermain bahasa dan makna, ketimbang fenomena kontekstual yang terlalu lekat dengan subjektivitas.
Kata Kunci - Prosesi Teks Semiotika Kognitif, Model Situasi, Moda Kesadaran, Ironi Dramatic
Abstract - Despite the popularity of Pramoedya Ananta Toer as a promninent and controversial Indonesian literary figure, his prestigious short story anthology entitled Cerita dari Blora seems rather poorly understudied. By far, the existing literary criticism on this work provides highly contextual and subjective interpretation. This paper then is aimed to reading closely Yang Sudah Hilang, one of short story from the anthology. Question raised here is how does language of the text build representation of referent scene or situation model. This study uses cognitive semiotics text processing, an approach that takes account objective evidence and experientially-based inference. Conscious mode principle, proposed by Chafe (1994), is employed as theoretical perspective in drawing interpretation. It is argued that language in the text built a situation model wherein protagonist is simultaneously memorizing her loss and telling to readers her fragmented past in conversational mode. Moreover, despite her introspection the protagonist does not seem aware what brings her to the present moment where she is already losing important people of her life. In general, the situation model argued may be offered as a standard interpretation of Yang sudah Hilang which is far from subjectivity and derived from meaning experience triggered by language.
Keywords - Cognitive Semiotics Text Processing, Situation Model, Conscious Mode, Dramatic Irony
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sh.v4i3.275
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