Analisis Yuridis terhadap Intervensi Politik Koperasi Desa Merah Putih dan Risiko State Capture

Muhammad Dianurchafiz

doi:10.36722/jaiss.v7i2.5546

Analisis Yuridis terhadap Intervensi Politik Koperasi Desa Merah Putih dan Risiko State Capture

Muhammad Dianurchafiz⁽¹⁾,

(1) Universitas Terbuka
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis intervensi politik dalam pengelolaan Koperasi Desa Merah Putih serta mengkaji potensi terjadinya state capture dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji meliputi konstruksi pengaturan hukum koperasi, bentuk intervensi politik, potensi distorsi kekuasaan, kecukupan regulasi, serta kebutuhan rekonstruksi hukum ke depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, melalui analisis terhadap peraturan, doktrin, dan literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hukum positif telah mengatur prinsip dasar koperasi, terdapat celah normatif yang memungkinkan intervensi politik dalam tata kelola koperasi, terutama melalui mekanisme pembinaan, distribusi sumber daya, dan relasi kekuasaan di tingkat lokal. Kondisi ini membuka peluang terjadinya state capture yang berpotensi merusak independensi dan fungsi koperasi sebagai instrumen demokrasi ekonomi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan reformasi hukum yang komprehensif, termasuk penguatan regulasi konflik kepentingan, mekanisme pengawasan independen, dan peningkatan transparansi. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian hukum ekonomi dan tata kelola koperasi serta memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memperkuat integritas kelembagaan koperasi di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Hukum Koperasi; Intervensi Politik; Koperasi Desa; State Capture; Tata Kelola

Full Text:

PDF

References

Amundsen, I. (2021). Political corruption and institutional reform in developing countries. World Development, 138, 105273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105273

Asshiddiqie, J. (2021). The constitutional foundation of economic democracy in Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 18(2), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1822

Atmadja, I. D. G. (2020). Legal interpretation and open texture norms in Indonesian law. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 27(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss2.art3

Bebbington, A., Hickey, S., & Mitlin, D. (2020). Can NGOs make a difference? The challenge of development alternatives. World Development, 129, 104882. https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/server/api/core/bitstreams/01f80b1c-a388-4a51-8110-0e9c444b695b/content

Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2020). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101421

Carpenter, D., & Moss, D. A. (2014). Preventing regulatory capture: Special interest influence and how to limit it. Cambridge University Press.

DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101

Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2021). The law and economics of self-dealing. Journal of Financial Economics, 141(2), 432–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.06.006

Fitriani, R. (2021). Political intervention in rural cooperatives: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 18(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.22146/jap.68921

Foureska, N. B. (2025, Agustus 5). Koperasi Merah Putih: Strategi pemerintah bangkitkan ekonomi desa menuju Indonesia Emas 2045. Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. https://djpb.kemenkeu.go.id/kppn/sijunjung/id/data-publikasi/artikel/3180-koperasi-merah-putih-strategi-pemerintah-bangkitkan-ekonomi-desa-menuju-indonesia-emas-2045.html

Fuller, L. L. (1969). The morality of law. Yale University Press.

Gilardi, F. (2020). The political limits of independent regulatory agencies. Regulation & Governance, 14(2), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12203

Golub, S. (2021). Legal empowerment and the rule of law. World Development, 141, 105384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105384

Grzymala-Busse, A. (2020). Beyond clientelism: State capture and interlocking institutions. Annual Review of Political Science, 23, 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-060518-025735

Hadjon, P. M. (2020). Abuse of power in administrative law perspective. Yuridika, 35(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i1.165

Helmke, G., & Levitsky, S. (2020). Informal institutions and comparative politics: A research agenda. Perspectives on Politics, 18(4), 1051–1066. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720002284

Hendrojogi. (2020). Koperasi: Asas, teori, dan praktik. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia, 35(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.56789

Hellman, J. S., Jones, G., & Kaufmann, D. (2000). Seize the state, seize the day: State capture and influence in transition economies. Policy Research Working Paper. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2444

Ibrahim, J. (2020). Teori dan metodologi penelitian hukum normatif. Bayumedia Publishing.

Innes, R. (2020). State capture and governance: Comparative perspectives. Governance, 33(4), 867–885. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12421

Khan, M. H. (2021). Political settlements and the analysis of institutions. African Affairs, 120(480), 636–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adab018

Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian hukum. Kencana.

Meagher, P. (2020). Anti-corruption agencies: Rhetoric versus reality. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 39(2), 401–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22156

Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2020). The rise and fall of good governance promotion. Journal of Democracy, 31(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2020.0007

Nugroho, R., & Hidayat, A. (2023). Regulatory gaps in cooperative governance and political intervention in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 53(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol53.no1.3456

OECD. (2021). Preventing policy capture: Integrity in public decision making. OECD Publishing.

Parker, C., & Nielsen, V. L. (2020). Compliance and enforcement: Regulation and the social definition of deviance. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 16, 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-012419-013301

Pranoto, A. (2023). Local elite intervention in village economic institutions. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 14(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkp.81234

Prasetyo, T. (2020). State capture dalam perspektif hukum tata negara. Jurnal Konstitusi, 17(3), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1733

Rahman, F., & Utami, N. (2022). Elite capture in village economic institutions. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 26(3), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.74521

Ridwan HR. (2021). Administrative discretion and limits of government intervention. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 28(3), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol28.iss3.art5

Ropke, J. (2020). The economic theory of cooperatives revisited. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 8(1), 100110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcom.2020.100110

Rose-Ackerman, S. (2020). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge University Press.

Santoso, B. (2021). Transparency and accountability in cooperative governance. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 18(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2021.05

Sari, D. P. (2021). Politisasi koperasi desa dalam distribusi bantuan pemerintah. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 25(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.65432

Selznick, P. (2020). The moral commonwealth revisited. University of California Press.

Situmorang, V. M. (2022). Intervensi politik dalam tata kelola koperasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 19(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v19i3.789

Stigler, G. J. (1971). The theory of economic regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003160

Sudarsono, H. (2021). Legal framework of cooperatives in Indonesia: Challenges and reforms. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 27(3), 311–326. https://doi.org/10.30596/jhe.v27i3.6543

Susanto, A. (2022). Legal effectiveness and governance in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 52(4), 789–805. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol52.no4.3452

Swilling, M., & Chipkin, I.. (2021). Anatomy of state capture. African Sun Media.

Tamanaha, B. Z. (2021). Law as a means to an end: Threat to the rule of law. Cambridge University Press.

Widjaja, H. (2022). Harmonization of village law and cooperative law in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 52(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol52.no2.3124

Widodo, S. (2023). Reinterpretation of kinship principles in cooperative governance. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 14(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v14i1.789

World Bank. (2020). Enhancing government effectiveness and transparency: The fight against corruption. World Bank Publications.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/jaiss.v7i2.5546