The Role of the Parasite Life Cycle in Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
Abstract
Indonesia is a developing country that has various risk factors that can cause parasitic infections to develop. The role of the life cycle of worms and other parasites has been widely studied before. However, there is still little review of its pathogenesis in Indonesia. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of the parasite life cycle in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Based on this review, it can be concluded that Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia solium, Echinococus granulosus, Hymenolepis nana, Dypilidium caninum, Schistosoma japonicum, Fasciolopsis buski, Heterophyes, Echinostoma, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoemani, Paragon dencarisius, trichiura, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Stongyloides stercoralis, Trichinela spiralis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and Wuchereria bancrofti have different life cycles. This difference will have an impact on the different pathogenesis for each infection. Enforcement and treatment also differ based on the underlying pathogenesis.
Keywords – Life Cycle, Parasite, Patogenesis, Infectious disease
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R. F. Trasia, "Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) As A Diagnostic Technique for Intestinal Helminth Infection," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 5, no. 4, 2020.
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V. Locke, A. Kusnik and M. S. Richardson, "Clonorchis Sinensis," StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2022.
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G. Gurelli, "Importance of Land Snails in Dicrocoeliosis Epidemiology," Turkiye Parasitol Derg., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 169-172, 2017.
R. F. Trasia, "Current Finding of Helminth Morphology Cause Infectious Disease," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 76, 2021.
M. D. Lim, S. J. Broker, V. Y. Belizario, F. Gay-Andrieu, J. gilleard, B. Levecke, L. v. Lieshout, G. F. Medley, Z. Mekonnen, G. Mirams, S. M. Njenga, M. R. Odiere, J. W. Rudge, L. Stuyver and J. Vercruysse, "Diagnostic tools for soil-transmitted helminths control and elimination programs: A pathway for diagnostic product development," PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 12, no. 3, 2018.
R. F. Trasia, "Epidemilogy Update of Helminthiasis In Indonesia," Insights in Public Health Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 2021.
M. M. Ngwese, G. P. Manouana, P. A. N. Moure, M. Ramharter, M. Esen and A. A. Adegnika, "Diagnostic Techniques of Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Impact on Control Measures," Trop Med Infect Dis, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 93, 2020.
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H. H. Gracia, A. E. Gonzalez, C. A. W. Evans and R. H. Gilman, "Taenia Solium Cysticercosisi," Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9383, pp. 547-556, 2003.
R. F. Trasia, "Literature Review Nursing Care Effort to prevent Parasitic Diseases," General Nursing Science, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 32-38, 2020.
R. C. A. Thompson, "Neglected zoonotic helminths: Hymenolepis nana, Echinococcus canadensis and Ancylostoma ceylanicum," Clin Microbiol Infect, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 426-432, 2015.
R. F. Trasia, "Dampak Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Parasit," J. Enviscience, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 20, 2021.
L. K. E. d. S. Horrall, "Schistosomiasis," StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, 2021.
R. F. Trasia, "Distribusi Geografis Penyakit Parasit di Indonesia dan di Dunia," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 28, 2021.
C. P. Santos and J. N. Borges, "Current Knowledge of Small Flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America," The Korean Journal of Parasitology, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 373 - 386, 2020.
R. F. Trasia, "Rational Use of Medicine in the Treatment of Helminth Infection : A Mini Review," idjpcr, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33 - 38, 2021.
V. Locke, A. Kusnik and M. S. Richardson, "Clonorchis Sinensis," StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2022.
R. F. Trasia, "The role of nurses and scientist in history of the discovery of parasitic diseases in the world," General Nursing Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 30 - 33, 2021.
G. Gurelli, "Importance of Land Snails in Dicrocoeliosis Epidemiology," Turkiye Parasitol Derg., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 169-172, 2017.
R. F. Trasia, "Current Finding of Helminth Morphology Cause Infectious Disease," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 76, 2021.
M. D. Lim, S. J. Broker, V. Y. Belizario, F. Gay-Andrieu, J. gilleard, B. Levecke, L. v. Lieshout, G. F. Medley, Z. Mekonnen, G. Mirams, S. M. Njenga, M. R. Odiere, J. W. Rudge, L. Stuyver and J. Vercruysse, "Diagnostic tools for soil-transmitted helminths control and elimination programs: A pathway for diagnostic product development," PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 12, no. 3, 2018.
R. F. Trasia, "Epidemilogy Update of Helminthiasis In Indonesia," Insights in Public Health Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 2021.
M. M. Ngwese, G. P. Manouana, P. A. N. Moure, M. Ramharter, M. Esen and A. A. Adegnika, "Diagnostic Techniques of Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Impact on Control Measures," Trop Med Infect Dis, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 93, 2020.
G. Cringoli, L. Rinaldi, M. P. Maurelli and J. Utzinger, "FLOTAC: new multivalent techniques for qualitative and quantitative copromicroscopic diagnosis of parasites in animals and humans," Nat Protoc, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 503-515, 2010.
D. Glinz, K. D. silue, S. Knopp, L. K. Lohourignon, K. P. Yao, P. Steinmann, L. Rinaldi, G. Cringoli, E. K. N'Goran and J. Utzinger, "Comparing diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, Koga agar plate, ether-concentration, and FLOTAC for Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths," PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 4, no. 7, 2010.
P. Rawla and S. Sharma., "Trichinella Spiralis," StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL):, 2021.
R. J. Sohal, T. S. Gilotra and F. Lui, "Angiostrongylus Cantonensis," StatPearls Publishing, StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL), 2021.
S. T. Small, D. J. Tisch and P. A. Zimmerman, "Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti," Infect Genet Evol, no. 10.1016/[1] A. R. Noviastuti, "Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths," Medical Journal of Lampung University, 2015.
R. F. Trasia, "Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) As A Diagnostic Technique for Intestinal Helminth Infection," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 5, no. 4, 2020.
H. H. Gracia, A. E. Gonzalez, C. A. W. Evans and R. H. Gilman, "Taenia Solium Cysticercosisi," Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9383, pp. 547-556, 2003.
R. F. Trasia, "Literature Review Nursing Care Effort to prevent Parasitic Diseases," General Nursing Science, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 32-38, 2020.
R. C. A. Thompson, "Neglected zoonotic helminths: Hymenolepis nana, Echinococcus canadensis and Ancylostoma ceylanicum," Clin Microbiol Infect, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 426-432, 2015.
R. F. Trasia, "Dampak Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Parasit," J. Enviscience, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 20, 2021.
L. K. E. d. S. Horrall, "Schistosomiasis," StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, 2021.
R. F. Trasia, "Distribusi Geografis Penyakit Parasit di Indonesia dan di Dunia," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 28, 2021.
C. P. Santos and J. N. Borges, "Current Knowledge of Small Flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America," The Korean Journal of Parasitology, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 373 - 386, 2020.
R. F. Trasia, "Rational Use of Medicine in the Treatment of Helminth Infection : A Mini Review," idjpcr, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33 - 38, 2021.
V. Locke, A. Kusnik and M. S. Richardson, "Clonorchis Sinensis," StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2022.
R. F. Trasia, "The role of nurses and scientist in history of the discovery of parasitic diseases in the world," General Nursing Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 30 - 33, 2021.
G. Gurelli, "Importance of Land Snails in Dicrocoeliosis Epidemiology," Turkiye Parasitol Derg., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 169-172, 2017.
R. F. Trasia, "Current Finding of Helminth Morphology Cause Infectious Disease," Jurnal AL-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 76, 2021.
M. D. Lim, S. J. Broker, V. Y. Belizario, F. Gay-Andrieu, J. gilleard, B. Levecke, L. v. Lieshout, G. F. Medley, Z. Mekonnen, G. Mirams, S. M. Njenga, M. R. Odiere, J. W. Rudge, L. Stuyver and J. Vercruysse, "Diagnostic tools for soil-transmitted helminths control and elimination programs: A pathway for diagnostic product development," PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 12, no. 3, 2018.
R. F. Trasia, "Epidemilogy Update of Helminthiasis In Indonesia," Insights in Public Health Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 2021.
M. M. Ngwese, G. P. Manouana, P. A. N. Moure, M. Ramharter, M. Esen and A. A. Adegnika, "Diagnostic Techniques of Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Impact on Control Measures," Trop Med Infect Dis, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 93, 2020.
G. Cringoli, L. Rinaldi, M. P. Maurelli and J. Utzinger, "FLOTAC: new multivalent techniques for qualitative and quantitative copromicroscopic diagnosis of parasites in animals and humans," Nat Protoc, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 503-515, 2010.
D. Glinz, K. D. silue, S. Knopp, L. K. Lohourignon, K. P. Yao, P. Steinmann, L. Rinaldi, G. Cringoli, E. K. N'Goran and J. Utzinger, "Comparing diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, Koga agar plate, ether-concentration, and FLOTAC for Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths," PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 4, no. 7, 2010.
P. Rawla and S. Sharma., "Trichinella Spiralis," StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL):, 2021.
R. J. Sohal, T. S. Gilotra and F. Lui, "Angiostrongylus Cantonensis," StatPearls Publishing, StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL), 2021.
S. T. Small, D. J. Tisch and P. A. Zimmerman, "Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti," Infect Genet Evol, no. 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.018, pp. 33 - 43, 2014.
j.meegid.2014.08.018, pp. 33 - 43, 2014.
Rinaldi, G. Cringoli, E. K. N'Goran and J. Utzinger, "Comparing diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, Koga agar plate, ether-concentration, and FLOTAC for Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths," PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 4, no. 7, 2010.
P. Rawla and S. Sharma., "Trichinella Spiralis," StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL):, 2021.
R. J. Sohal, T. S. Gilotra and F. Lui, "Angiostrongylus Cantonensis," StatPearls Publishing, StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL), 2021.
S. T. Small, D. J. Tisch and P. A. Zimmerman, "Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti," Infect Genet Evol, no. 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.018, pp. 33 - 43, 2014.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v7i1.892
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